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All of CanadaUpdated April 2026

Patient Privacy and Your Health Records

How health privacy laws across Canada protect your medical records, who can access them, and how to request changes.

TL;DR

Health information is governed by specialized provincial statutes: PHIPA (Ontario), PHIA (Manitoba, Nova Scotia, NL), HIA (Alberta), HIPA (Saskatchewan), HIPMA (Yukon), and the Quebec Act respecting health and social services information. Custodians need your consent (express or implied within the circle of care) to use or disclose your information.

Circle of care

Most health privacy laws allow your health information to flow within a 'circle of care' without express consent, as long as the provider has a reasonable expectation that you have consented to disclosure for treatment purposes.

Access to your health records

You have a right to access your own health record under every Canadian health privacy regime.

Custodians can refuse access only in limited circumstances, such as when disclosure would cause serious harm to you or another person.

Fees may apply but must be reasonable.

Correction of health records

You can request correction of inaccurate information. If the custodian refuses, you can file a statement of disagreement that becomes part of your file.

Lock-box and consent directives

Most health privacy laws let you restrict (lock-box) some of your information from being shared, though emergency exceptions may apply.

Speak with your health care provider or the privacy officer at your health region for specific instructions.

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